Ionic Bonding is a chemical bond that combines a metal and nonmetal ion. The bond happens between a negatively charged ion and a positively charged ion. In an ionic bond, the metal gives at least one of its electrons to the nonmetal which makes a cation. Once the electron is transferred over to the nonmetal, an anion (negatively charged electron) is formed. When an electron is removed, more energy is created. When metals and nonmetals attract, less energy is created. When bonded atoms have more energy than the free atoms, it's called being favorable. Ionic bonding will only happen when the atoms are favorable.
Covalent Bonding:
Covalent bonding is a chemical bond that combines metals with other metals. In covalent bonding, the bonding doesn't necessarily have to happen between the same elements as long as they have comparable electronegativities. In order for a Lewis Structure with a covalent bond to be complete, there must be a full octet. A full octet mean that each element has eight electrons. When drawing a Lewis Structure, there are many things to consider. There are double bonds which is four electrons connecting an element as well as triple bonds which has six electrons connecting an element. Another thing to consider is that Hydrogen (H) has a full octet with two electrons. There can also be more than four elements connected to the central one.
Metallic Bonding:
Metallic Bonding occurs bewteen delocalised electrons and the metal nuclei. These bonds happen between solid metals and liquid metals. When metals reach their boiling point and melt, they combine. The delocalised move in a solid lattice. Mobile electrons act as charge carriers or energy carriers.
Work Cited:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bond
http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/chembond/cb03.html
http://www.ausetute.com.au/metallic.html
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